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Australian philosopher and writer known for his advocacy of animal welfare. His most influential book is Animal Liberation.

Ancient Greek philosopher who held that everything is in constant flux. He saw Logos as the principle governing the cosmos.

Scottish novelist, poet, and minister. A pioneer of fantasy literature who greatly influenced C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien.

Ancient Roman fabulist. He rendered Aesop's fables into Latin verse and added tales of his own, laying groundwork for later fable literature.

American educator and theologian. Celebrated as a lecturer, his published lectures were widely read; his major work is Evidences of Christianity.

French novelist. Known for The Red and the Black and The Charterhouse of Parma, he is regarded as a pioneer of modern realist fiction.

French statesman and writer. He served as a general and as governor of Senegal, and his witty writing made him a favorite of Parisian society.

English theologian and economist. He held the chair of political economy at Oxford and later served as Archbishop of Dublin; his works include Christian Evidences.

French philosopher and writer, a leading figure of the French Enlightenment. He devoted his life to editing the Encyclopedie.

King of ancient Israel. Known as the wisest king, traditionally credited as the author of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon.